The Aztec, Incan, and Pueblo Indigenous groups all experienced colonization and ultimate conquest by the Spanish. In addition, Hernan Cortess exploration of the Aztec territory led to an exchange of disease that helped lead to Cortess success. The Maya built huge arrays of structures and have left a considerable architectural heritage. They only treated them to the finest of treasures because they were sure this was what they were looking for. The Pueblo People lived in the desert southwest, an area with little water and dramatic, rocky landscapes. The Maya were one Mesoamerican culture that had strong ties to Teotihuacan. Corn, or maize, domesticated by 5000 BCE, formed the basis of their diet. ", Monctezuma was born in 1466 and died on June 29th 1520. A labor force of slaves from subjugated neighboring tribes had built the fabulous city and the three causeways that connected it to the mainland. Their class structures were similar, and they all valued religion. "Analyze the similarities and differences of the following Native American cultures on the eve of their encounter with Europeans: the Pueblo people of the Southwest; the tribes of the Mississippi Valley; and the Aztec, Mayan, and Incan empires." Mesoamericans were polytheistic; their gods possessed both male and female traits and demanded blood sacrifices of enemies taken in battle or ritual bloodletting. I will provide you with two facts and you will use your critical thinking skills to make historical connections. They also practiced human sacrifice. For a while there, Exercise 8-9 Which of the following arguments is valid? The ethnicity of this settlements inhabitants is debated; some scholars believe it was a multiethnic city. Direct link to David Alexander's post The Central African Empir. The greatest of these civilizations are the Maya, the Aztec, and the Inca. . The most important collection of these poems is Romances de los senores de la Nueva Espana. The Aztecs were Nahuatl-speaking people who lived in central Mexico in the 14th to 16th centuries. According to legend, a warlike people called the Aztec (also known as the Mexica) had left a city called Aztln and traveled south to the site of present-day Mexico City. I do not know how to describe it, seeing things as we did that had never been heard of or seen before, not even dreamed about.. How did native people shape the course of Spanish conquest? The monarchy took most of it, and the rest was spread across lords and ladies. However, the major dissimilarity occurred in the process and scale of sacrifice, as well as the way of obtaining victims which greatly differed among the two cultures. As this historical event progressed each one of these themes began to intertwine until they became an almost unstoppable force., Montezuma, who was the ruler of the Aztecs, had a funny feeling about them. University of Arizona Library Special Collections, British Museums World Cultures collection, http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/us-history, Locate on a map the major American civilizations before the arrival of the Spanish, Discuss the cultural achievements of these civilizations, Discuss the differences and similarities between lifestyles, religious practices, and customs among the native peoples. When the spanish began to conquer the Aztec civilization, their mission Image credit: Map of de Coronado's route through Mexico and the Southwest of the modern United States. Among these were the Pyramid of the Sun (which is two hundred feet high) and the Pyramid of the Moon (one hundred and fifty feet high). The Olmec, Mayan, Incan, and Aztec civilizations are some of the greatest ancient civilizations in history, and yet we know very little about them compared to other parts of the world. The Aztecs established their empire on the western hemisphere and will no foundation previously built because they were geographically isolated from the rest of the world to gain ideas and technologies built. In 1983, UNESCO designated the ruined city a World Heritage Site. In Broken spears, the author explains how many factors other than Spanish power contributed to the downfall of the Aztecs. A polytheistic people, they often practiced human sacrifice to please their gods . The Maya southern lowlands went into decline in the 8th and 9th centuries and were abandoned. The monarchy was abolished and the republic was restored on 21 September 1979. French Jesuits frequently learned indigenous languagesparticularly of the Illinois peoplesand proselytized to these people in their native tongue. 1. According to the Christian Bible, God created humanity in his own image with the command to use and subdue the rest of creation, which included not only land, but also all animal life. Next came the Olmecs, who also settled Mexico. Their tribute empire spread throughout Mesoamerica.The Maya people lived in southern Mexico and northern Central America a wide territory that includes the entire Yucatn Peninsula from as early as 2600 BC. By 1519, when Corts arrived, this settlement contained upwards of 200,000 inhabitants and was certainly the largest city in the Western Hemisphere at that time and probably larger than any European city. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Gender roles were not as fixed as they were in the patriarchal societies of Europe, Mesoamerica, and South America. They lived in wattle-and-daub houses (made from woven lattice branches daubed with wet mud, clay, or sand and straw) and practiced agriculture, which they supplemented by hunting and fishing. What they found instead were small, disparate communities, many already ravaged by European diseases brought by the Spanish and transmitted among the natives. Latest answer posted February 03, 2021 at 6:26:14 PM. The indigenous groups of the Mississippi River Valley initially made contact with French Jesuits in the seventeenth century. Below is the top 5 difference between Maya vs Aztec vs Inca. According to legend, a warlike people called the Aztec (also known as the Mexica) had left a city called Aztln and traveled south to the site of present-day Mexico City. They all had a very distinctive culture, that defined the way they lived, and influenced the way their followers still live today. Why can't they treat the native people with respect? But both took responsibility for raising children, and most major Indian societies in the east were matriarchal. Europeans and Native Americans looked, dressed, and thought differently in fundamental ways that lead to misunderstandings and even . Maya practiced Human Sacrifice and was polytheistic. With the arrival of Spanish settlers, the Navajo . The paper "The Spaniards Attitudes toward the Native Culture and People They Encountered with the Aztec" highlights that the imposition of superiority by the Western . The ultimate sacrifice was children, who were specially selected and well fed. Lastly, each civilization had a decline. Kilometers. He challenged the natives and entered Tenochtitlan, taking the Aztec leader, Montezuma, hostage which led to the Aztec uprising that culminated in La Noche Triste . Why did the Spanish choose to enslave native people? Beringiaan ancient land bridge linking Asia and North America, chasquisIncan relay runners used to send messages over great distances, chinampasfloating Aztec gardens consisting of a large barge woven from reeds, filled with dirt and floating on the water, allowing for irrigation, matriarchya society in which women have political power, mitathe Incan labor tax, with each family donating time and work to communal projects, quipuan ancient Incan device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways, activation energythe amount of initial energy necessary for reactions to occur. connected to the mainland by three broad causeways and supplied with drinkable water, Their supreme rulers power was just as extensive as any, The first Spaniards that entered the city of Tenochtitlan. The Spanish then founded a new settlement, Mexico City, on the site of the capital, and began colonizing Central America. Respect was out of the question then, as now, when people of one race consider themselves to be superior to people of other races. Why did many conquistadores fail to establish colonies in the New World? What characteristics were shared by the Western Sudanic States? The Maya were native people of Mexico and Central America, while the Aztec covered most of northern Mesoamerica between c.1345 and 1521 CE, whereas Inca flourished in ancient Peru between c.1400 and 1533 CE and extended across western South America. Inca was polytheistic. Many areas in Mexico City retain the original Aztec names. 1. They lived in the mountains of Peru, far removed from the Olmecs, Maya, and Aztecs, and at the peak of their power, the civilization extended for 4,000 kilometers (2,500 mi) and included 16 million people. Their most famous legacy is the mystery of the Olmec heads: 3-meter (9 ft) tall heads resembling African warriors made from stone found over 130 kilometers (80 mi) away. But due to where they started, other aspects of their. As in any major historical event there are many underlying themes and storylines that come together to make the event happen. Difference Between The Aztec, Maya, Inca, And Olmec, The Rise of Kpop: How a Genre Took over the World. Much like feudal lords in Europe at the time, the ruling class lived off the labor of the peasants, collecting vast wealth that accompanied them as they went, mummified, into the next life. The Maya were located in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, and they were also located in parts of Guatemala and Belize. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Also like the Romans, the Inca were effective administrators. Not only did they beat the Aztecs in battle, the diseases syphilis and smallpox helped them by killing off half of the Aztecs. It points out on numerous cultural comparisons that only a few specialists know about. A Mesoamerican civilization commenced in around 2600 B.C., by the Maya peoples, and known for its hierological script (the only familiar fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian American) is known as Maya. In this illustration, an Aztec priest cuts out the beating heart of a sacrificial victim before throwing the body down from the temple. These groups subsisted on a wider variety of foods that grew in their regions. The Maya architects used local materials, like limestone, which they used at Palenque and Tikal, while metalwork was the most primary skill of the Aztec. Envision an old Native American settlement where individuals constructed pyramids, planned sun oriented observatories and, we should report, rehearsed human penance. Upon their arrival in North America, Europeans found no fences, no signs designating ownership. In South America, the most highly developed and complex society was that of the Inca, whose name means lord or ruler in the Andean language called Quechua. The empire was as it always had been; the Aztecs had no serious premonition of war. This rendering of the Aztec island city of Tenochtitln depicts the causeways that connected the central city to the surrounding land. Due to this difference in worldview the Aztecs weapons were also different from the European weapons that the Spanish used. There were tribal hunting grounds, usually identified by some geographical landmark, but there was no private ownership of land. The Spanish relationship with Monctezuma was very manipulative and deceiving. When the Spaniard Hernn Corts arrived on the coast of Mexico in the sixteenth century, at the site of present-day Veracruz, he soon heard of a great city ruled by an emperor named Moctezuma. The Inca worshipped the sun god Inti and called gold the sweat of the sun. In the European race to colonial dominance, the Treaty of Tordesillas legitimized Spains holdings in the New World, indicating Spanish primacy over Portugal. From the beginning Cortes made moves to openly try to undermined Monctezuma. The Incas, Aztecs, and Mayans lived in Central and Southern Mexico and experienced hot, humid climates with lots of rainfall. Although they were not as advanced as the Inca, they did have a 365-day calendar and used hieroglyphics. The three main groups of the Pueblo people were the Mogollon, Hohokam, and Anasazi. Answer (1 of 4): One of the biggest difference between the Aztec and Maya versus the Inuit is the time of their migration from Asia. Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Running head: SOME AZTEC AND PUEBLO PARALLES, Cultural anthropologists often conduct numerous studies to compare and acknowledge, how certain cultures are related to others. Why did the 13 English colonies develop a similar political system while maintaining different social systems? 1.5 million people now speak the Nahuatl language, mostly in mountainous areas in central Mexico. Most important for our knowledge of these peoples, they created the only known written language in the Western Hemisphere; researchers have made much progress in interpreting the inscriptions on their temples and pyramids. The Inca farmed corn, beans, squash, quinoa (a grain cultivated for its seeds), and the indigenous potato on terraced land they hacked from the steep mountains. It controlled its states through installing rulers, constructing marriage alliances, and asking for tribute. This culture emerged in the Mississippi . Latest answer posted October 06, 2019 at 11:40:56 AM. They built stepped roads to ascend and descend the steep slopes of the Andes; these would have been impractical for wheeled vehicles but worked well for pedestrians. The Spaniards also had guns, swords, cannons, and metal shields to protect their bodies . Conversely, the Spaniards had the horses, firearms, and they had most of the people of the Aztec society on their side. The Spanish won out because of their preparation, and because they brought so many diseases with them, it killed some of the Aztecs as well. Not too long after they arrived, the Aztecs realized that the Spanish could be killed just like their other enemies, so they went to war. THE CERTIFICATION NAMES ARE THE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS. The Olmecs established themselves around 1400 B.C. The Spanish were immune to these diseases because they were well known in Europe and they had been exposed to them for years, but the Aztecs weren't so entire villages were wiped out in just few weeks which cleared the way for the Spanish to entirely conquer and destroy the Aztec empire., Have you ever wondered the methods in history, to wipe out a powerful empire? They developed a distinctive artistic style for painting bowls with finely drawn geometric figures and wildlife, especially birds, in black on a white background. The Aztecs founded their biggest city, Tenochtitlan, in A.D. 1325, meaning they were much younger than any of the other three. Why is the Elizabethan age called the Golden Age of England? Lastly, each civilization had a decline. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more . It was the largest empire that developed and extended approximately 2500 miles from north to south and included around 16 million people. The following is an excerpt from the sixteenth-century Florentine Codex of the writings of Fray Bernardino de Sahagun, a priest and early chronicler of Aztec history. Foxiz News Network. What common goals did American Indians, gay and lesbian citizens, and women share in their quests for equal rights? Nahuatl, still spoken by about 1.5 million people, mostly in central Mexico. In addition, the Aztecs were located in the Valley of Mexico, where their established capitol, Tenochtitlan was located. The Aztec Triple Alliance or Aztec Empire (Nahuatl: xcn Tlahtlyn) began as an alliance of three Nahua city-states or "altepeme": Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. One of Cortss soldiers, Bernal Daz del Castillo, recorded his impressions upon first seeing it: When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land we were amazed and said it was like the enchantments . They do, however, give us insight into the importance placed upon signs and omens in the pre-Columbian world. The Aztecs compared to modern day, has its differences and similarities. Aztec was ruled by an Emperor whose main purpose was to lead in the wars. The Eastern Woodland peoples, in particular, lived in small clan groups and adapted to their singular environments. By the time the Spanish first encountered the Pueblo peoples in the 1500s, . The city was also the center for trade, which extended to settlements on Mesoamericas Gulf Coast. The Pueblo were a thriving civilization until the arrival of Spanish conquistadors. In 1492, however, the Aztecs in Mexico City were at their peak. Expert Answer. The Aztec followed about 400 years after the Maya began to shrink. Mississippian culture also had extensive trade routes, as goods from all over North America are found within the burial mounds. The Aztecs created a large empire across Mexico through tribute and trade. The Hohokam decorated pottery with a red-on-buff design and made jewelry of turquoise. Continually moving southward, the settlers eventually populated both North and South America, creating unique cultures that ranged from the highly complex and urban Aztec civilization in what is now Mexico City to the woodland tribes of eastern North America. Their tribute empire spread throughout Mesoamerica. Many city states over time. Leading with the city if Tenochtitlan, Cortes takes over each Aztec city, to ultimately, The victory of Cortes over the Aztec was the result of certain military advantages the conquistadors enjoyed, as well as specific problems that weakened the Aztec people and made the empire more vulnerable. And some of our soldiers even asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream? Also the Aztec and Inca accomplishments consist of roads, trade systems, Quipus, and much more. Land, and the game that populated it, they believed, were there for the taking. The Spanish were ready to conquer or make an alliance with anyone on their expedition to Tenochtitlan. "Discoveries at Monte Verde in southern Chile revealed evide. The Mayan Empire existed on the Yucatan peninsula but disappeared before the arrival of the Spanish. Which of the following arguments is valid? What were the 34 most significant differences between ideas of regional identity in the North and in the South during the Civil War? Some North American Indians lived by hunting and gathering rather than cultivating crops. The Inca were affected by the art and techniques of the Chimu civilization. In the past, they lived in small camps consisting of small, dome-shaped wood and mud dwellings called hogans. You could argue for both sides as to which played a more significant part in the fall of the Aztecs, however, I feel they both played an equal role in the defeat of the Aztecs and the fall of Tenochititlan to the Spaniards., Hernan Cortes traveled to Mexico in 1519 with a group of men and 11 ships, after ignoring Diego Velasquezs orders, where he then continued to have many encounters with the Aztecs because he wanted to overthrow Aztec ruler Montezuma . They were ruled by kings and priests and were not wiped out like some of the other cultures, but gradually dissipated.