reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Population of the country 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. 7 Topics . Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Federalism in India. Power Sharing Formula Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. /F3 12 0 R Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. (PDF) Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: An Analysis of - ResearchGate Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Notify me of follow-up comments by email. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. Historical experience 3.2 2. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. It is our pleasure. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. >> Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. We appreciate you. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. 3. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. 1. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and /Type /Page >> is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. 3 0 obj Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. 7. Required fields are marked *. >> /BitsPerComponent 8 Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Payment Details. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character (eds. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. %PDF-1.5 For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. Your email address will not be published. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. /Height 235 Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. /F7 24 0 R Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution /F4 15 0 R Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. It also decided that the Public . /Length 3884 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr However, that is not so in a federal government system. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. 2. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. /Subtype /Image REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . June 1,2022 Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria.